Concrete PH (1958/2016)
Iannis Xenakis, Paul Oomen
Concret PH (1958) is a musique concrète piece by Iannis Xenakis, originally created for the Philips Pavilion (designed by Xenakis as Le Corbusier's assistant) and heard as audiences entered and exited the building (PH = paraboloïdes hyperboliques, concret = reinforced concrete/musique concrète). Edgar Varèse's Poème électronique was played once they were inside the building.
A 2 1/2 minutes long piece and focused primarily on density, Concret PH was created in the Philips office in Paris (Varèse having exclusive access to the studio with spatialization capabilities established in Eindhoven) or at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales. The only sound source was burning charcoal, cut into one-second fragments, with numerous transpositions and overdubs, a granular texture from which Xenakis creates a continuum. Using slight manipulation, the main techniques where splicing, tape speed change, and mixing. The piece was composed intuitively, rather than being guided by mathematical processes (1). In the Philips Pavilion, it was projected over 425 loudspeakers through an 11-channel sound system. Xenakis described the effect as "lines of sound moving in complex paths from point to point in space, like needles darting from everywhere."(2)
Start with a sound made up of many particles, then see how you can make it change imperceptibly, growing and developing, until an entirely new sound results... This was in defiance of the usual manner of working with concrète sounds. Most of the musique concrète which had been produced up to the time of Concret PHis full of many abrupt changes and juxtaposed sections without transitions. This happened because the original recorded sounds used by the composers consisted of a block of one kind of sound, then a block of another, and did not extend beyond this. I seek extremely rich sound (many high overtones) that have a long duration, yet with much internal change and variety. Also, I explore the realm of extremely faint sounds highly amplified. There is usually no electronic alteration of the original sound, since an operation such as filtering diminished the richness.
— Xenakis, Program notes, Nonesuch recording H-71246 quoted (1)
‘Concrete PH’ was reinterpreted in 4DSOUND by Paul Oomen and premiered in this new interpretation during Points on the Curve at Hochschule fur Gestaltung, Karlsruhe.
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A 2 1/2 minutes long piece and focused primarily on density, Concret PH was created in the Philips office in Paris (Varèse having exclusive access to the studio with spatialization capabilities established in Eindhoven) or at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales. The only sound source was burning charcoal, cut into one-second fragments, with numerous transpositions and overdubs, a granular texture from which Xenakis creates a continuum. Using slight manipulation, the main techniques where splicing, tape speed change, and mixing. The piece was composed intuitively, rather than being guided by mathematical processes (1). In the Philips Pavilion, it was projected over 425 loudspeakers through an 11-channel sound system. Xenakis described the effect as "lines of sound moving in complex paths from point to point in space, like needles darting from everywhere."(2)
Start with a sound made up of many particles, then see how you can make it change imperceptibly, growing and developing, until an entirely new sound results... This was in defiance of the usual manner of working with concrète sounds. Most of the musique concrète which had been produced up to the time of Concret PHis full of many abrupt changes and juxtaposed sections without transitions. This happened because the original recorded sounds used by the composers consisted of a block of one kind of sound, then a block of another, and did not extend beyond this. I seek extremely rich sound (many high overtones) that have a long duration, yet with much internal change and variety. Also, I explore the realm of extremely faint sounds highly amplified. There is usually no electronic alteration of the original sound, since an operation such as filtering diminished the richness.
— Xenakis, Program notes, Nonesuch recording H-71246 quoted (1)
‘Concrete PH’ was reinterpreted in 4DSOUND by Paul Oomen and premiered in this new interpretation during Points on the Curve at Hochschule fur Gestaltung, Karlsruhe.
- Roads, Curtis (2004). Microsound, p. 64–65
- Rowell, Lewis (1985). Thinking About Music: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Music, p. 241.
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Related:
ZKM presents 4DSOUND: Artist Talk (2016)