SSI



Spatial Sound
Institute


Psychological Effects of Music and Sound
Scientific Research/Article.



                                                                                                                 
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1
Title

Acoustic enrichment can enhance fish community development on degraded coral reef habitat


2
Author(s)

Timothy A.C. Gordon, Andrew N. Radford, Isla K. Davidson, Kasey Barnes, Kieran McCloskey, Sophie L. Nedelec, Mark G. Meekan, Mark I. McCormick, Stephen D. Simpson.
4
Key Words

#coralreefhabitat #healthyreefsound #ecosystem #acoustic
5
Year

2019
6
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3
Abstract

Coral reefs worldwide are increasingly damaged by anthropogenic stressors, necessitating novel approaches for their management. Maintaining healthy fish communities counteracts reef degradation, but degraded reefs smell and sound less attractive to settlement-stage fishes than their healthy states. Here, using a six-week field experiment, we demonstrate that playback of healthy reef sound can increase fish settlement and retention to degraded habitat. We compare fish community development on acoustically enriched coral-rubble patch reefs with acoustically unmanipulated controls. Acoustic enrichment enhances fish community development across all major trophic guilds, with a doubling in overall abundance and 50% greater species richness. If combined with active habitat restoration and effective conservation measures, rebuilding fish communities in this manner might accelerate eco- system recovery at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Acoustic enrichment shows promise as a novel tool for the active management of degraded coral reefs.

1
Title

Biofeedback, Relaxation Training, and Music: Homeostasis for Coping with Stress


2
Author(s)

Scottie Blake Reynolds
4
Key Words

#EMG #EMGbiofeedback #autogenictrainingphrases #music
5
Year

1984
6
PDF

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7
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3
Abstract

This study compared the efficacy of five relaxation training procedures, four of which employed EMG auditory feedback: biofeedback only (BF), autogenic training phrases (ATP), music (MU), autogenic training phrases and music (ATP & MU), and a control group, in developing self-regulation of a "cultivated low arousal state" as a countermeasure to tensed muscular reaction to stressful imagery. Twenty subjects established a pre- and posttraining frontalis region EMG biofeedback baseline measurement. Sixteen subjects were assigned at random to the 25-minute taped relaxation training procedure. After eight training sessions (4 weeks), MU and ATP & MU groups achieved highly significant differences when compared with the control group. The ATP & MU group attained the lowest postbaseline arousal level measured by the EMG. EMG as a physiological measure for transfer of training functioned well in detecting the psychophysiological affect of stressful imagery

1
Title

Music Therapy Reduces Pain in Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial


2
Author(s)

Kathy Jo Gutgsell, Seunghee Margevicius, Mariel Harris, Clareen Wiencek
4
Key Words

#Musictherapy #pain #palliativecare #randomizedcontrolledtrial
5
Year

2013   
6
PDF

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3
Abstract

Context. Treatment of pain in palliative care patients is challenging. Adjunctive methods of pain management are desirable. Music therapy offers a nonpharma- cologic and safe alternative. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of a single music therapy session to reduce pain in palliative care patients. Methods. Two hundred inpatients at University Hospitals Case Medical Center were enrolled in the study from 2009 to 2011. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: standard care alone (medical and nursing care that included scheduled analgesics) or standard care with music therapy. A clinical nurse specialist administered pre- and post-tests to assess the level of pain using a numeric rating scale as the primary outcome, and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale and the Functional Pain Scale as secondary outcomes. The intervention incorporated music therapist-guided autogenic relaxation and live music. Results. A significantly greater decrease in numeric rating scale pain scores was seen in the music therapy group (difference in means [95% CI] 1.4 [ 2.0, 0.8]; P < 0.0001). Mean changes in Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scores did not differ between study groups (mean difference 0.3, [95% CI] 0.8, 0.1; P > 0.05). Mean change in Functional Pain Scale scores was significantly greater in the music therapy group (difference in means 0.5 ([95% CI] 0.8, 0.3; P < 0.0001). Conclusion. A single music therapy intervention incorporating therapist-guided autogenic relaxation and live music was effective in lowering pain in palliative care patients.

1
Title

Repeated Stimulus Exposure Alters the Way Sound Is Encoded in the Human Brain


2
Author(s)

Kelly L. Tremblay, Kayo Inoue, Katrina McClannahan, Bernhard Ross.
4
Key Words

#Auditory #communicationdisorders #auditorylearning #brainactivity #auditorytraining
5
Year

2010
6
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7
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3
Abstract

Auditory training programs are being developed to remediate various types of communication disorders. Biological changes have been shown to coincide with improved perception following auditory training so there is interest in determining if these changes represent biologic markers of auditory learning. Here we examine the role of stimulus exposure and listening tasks, in the absence of training, on the modulation of evoked brain activity. Twenty adults were divided into two groups and exposed to two similar sounding speech syllables during four electrophysiological recording sessions (24 hours, one week, and up to one year later). In between each session, members of one group were asked to identify each stimulus. Both groups showed enhanced neural activity from session-to-session, in the same P2 latency range previously identified as being responsive to auditory training. The enhancement effect was most pronounced over temporal-occipital scalp regions and largest for the group who participated in the identification task. The effects were rapid and long-lasting with enhanced synchronous activity persisting months after the last auditory experience. Physiological changes did not coincide with perceptual changes so results are interpreted to mean stimulus exposure, with and without being paired with an identification task, alters the way sound is processed in the brain. The cumulative effect likely involves auditory memory; however, in the absence of training, the observed physiological changes are insufficient to result in changes in learned behavior.


1
Title

The Emotional Use of Popular Music by Adolescents


2
Author(s)

Alan Wells, Ernest A. Hakanen
4
Key Words

#music #massmedium #emotions #listening #adolescents
5
Year

1991
6
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3
Abstract

This study follows up on some recent calls for study of music as a mass medium. An intensive study of high school teenagers finds that music serves as a powerful communication medium, speaking directly to emotions. Here, both men and women most often associated these emotions with music: excitement, happiness and love. Women were somewhat more likely to associate emotions with music and to use music for “mood management.” Social class, race and ethnicity generally did not discriminate among emotions felt by men and women. Cluster analysis allowed these youths to be sorted into different types of listeners: “mainstreamers” “heavy rockers,’’ ”indifferents“ and “music lovers.”